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Glossary of Terms

Acrobat- A program developed by Adobe Systems, Inc. for creating, editing, distributing, and viewing Portable Document Format files, also known as "PDF's".

Bitmap Image - A type of image file format that uses a grid of pixels to create shapes. Bitmap images, sometimes called raster images, consist of a fixed number of individually editable pixels. Photographs and screen captures are usually bitmap images. Popular bitmap file formats include GIF, JPEG, and TIFF.

Chain-of-Custody - Chain of custody is the path taken by raw materials from the forest to the consumer, including all successive stages of processing, transformation, manufacturing and distribution. From a customer perspective, the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) label represents a promise that is being made to them. Chain of custody standards are the mechanism FSC has to ensure that 'promise' is delivered.

CIP3 - The International Cooperation for the Integration of Prepress, Press, and Postpress. A file format is generated from your digital files used to preset the ink fountains on the press to reduce make-ready waste and time. This file is also used in the bindery to preset equipment to the specifications of each particular operation, again reducing set-up time and waste.

Clipping Path - In computer graphics and imaging, a curve or polygon that defines the boundary of an image. Only the portion of the image that is enclosed within the clipping path will be visible when the item is printed or displayed. Clipping paths can be created in a program such as Photoshop; the Pen tool is used to draw the path around the object in question, and the image must then be saved as an EPS file.

Community Forestry - Forest management where the management and use of forest and tree resources is controlled by local communities

Compression (scheme) - An algorithm that significantly reduces file size by removing redundant data. Common compression schemes include JPEG, LZW, and RLE.

CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) - The continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large, including the environment.

Digital Asset Management (DAM) - A term to describe the disparate means of organizing and storing all the various elements (text, images, video, audio, etc.) one needs for a project.

Digital Proof - Refers to proofs made directly from digital data, NOT analog film.

DPI - An abbreviation for dots per inch. Refers to the resolution at which a device, such as a monitor or printer, can display text and graphics.

ECF - Elemental Chlorine Free. Paper pulp bleached without the use of elemental chlorine but some chlorine dioxide, along with non-chlorine agents such as oxygen.

Electronic Publication - A document that is distributed by computer rather than on paper. Electronic publications can usually be printed as well, but they are primarily intended to be read on-screen, searched, and saved for future access.

Font - One style, weight, and width of a typeface. An example is Times Roman Bold Extended. Times is a typeface family; Roman is a style; Bold is a weight; Extended is a width. The terms font and typeface are to be used interchangeably.

Forest Management/Manager - The people responsible for the operational management of the forest resource and of the enterprise, as well as the management system and structure, and the planning and field operations.

Forest Management Unit (FMU) - A clearly defined forest area with mapped boundaries, managed by a single managerial body to a set of explicit objectives which are expressed in a self-contained multiyear management plan.

Forest Stewardship - Forest management which, in conformity with the FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship, is environmentally responsible, socially beneficial, and economically viable.

Forest Stewardship Certification - Certification of forest management enterprises for conformity with the FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship.

FSC – The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international network to promote responsible management of the world’s forests. FSC brings people together to find solutions to the problems created by bad forestry practices and to reward good forest management. More info can be found at www.fsc.org

FTP Site (File Transfer Protocol) - FTP is a communications protocol that lets people and companies make files available for transfer from their computer to your computer.

Imposition - The arrangement of pages for printing on a large sheet in such a way that they appear in order when the sheet is folded.

JDF ( Job Definition Format) - An open, multi-vendor solution created by Adobe, AGFA, HEIDELBERG, and MAN Roland that gives us the ability to bridge the communication gap between production and management information systems, picking up where CIP3 leaves off. Destined to become the industry standard.

Natural Forest - Forest areas where many of the principal characteristics and key elements of native ecosystems such as complexity, structure and diversity are present, as defined by FSC approved national and regional standards of forest management.

PDF (Portable Document Format) - A file format designed for cross-platform document creation and distribution. An electronic snapshot of a document, which may be printed or displayed on-screen, saved in a compressed PostScript format. PDF files can simply mimic print documents or provide interactivity through links and dynamic media.

PJTF (Portable Job Ticket Format) - A format created by Adobe that allows you to attach a digital job ticket with your files, giving specifications about the job.

Plantation - Forest areas lacking most of the principal characteristics and key elements of native ecosystems as defined by FSC-approved national and regional standards of forest stewardship, which result from the human activities of either planting, sowing or intensive silvicultural treatments.

PostScript - A page description language invented by Adobe Systems, Inc., that consists of software commands which, when translated through the raster image processor (RIP) forms the desired image on an output device, such as a laser printer or image setter.

PPF (Print Production Format) - A file format extension used within a CIP3 workflow.

Preflight- A check to a digital file before output that involves ensuring that images and other color usage are in the correct color space for the target output device, that all images are at a suitable resolution and image size, that all fonts are present and accounted for and any other problems that may prevent consistent or quality output are identified.

Remote proofing - A situation where a digital proofer with acceptable quality is maintained at the client's site. Images and pages are sent through some network transmission from the printer and then imaged at the client's site.

Resolution - The number of pixels per inch in an image. The more pixels, the finer the image and the more realistic it appears. When an image is scanned, a certain number of pixels per inch are captured. From this original capture, the image may be displayed at different resolutions according to how many pixels the monitor can display. When an image is printed, the resolution is controlled by how many dots per inch the printer is capable of printing.

SFI - Sustainable Forestry Initiative. A system of principles, objectives and performance measures developed by professional foresters, conservationists, and scientists that is based on the perpetual growing and harvesting of trees.

Soft Proof (monitor proof) - The ability to generate a file from the customer's ripped page that is viewable on a monitor. This allows operators to check the file against supplier laser proofs for content, type flow and correct trapping. It can also be a PDF file, generated from the ripped file and sent to the customer to view at their site before any materials are used.

Stakeholder - Individuals and organizations with a legitimate interest in the goods and services provided by an FMU; and those with an interest in the environmental and social effects of an FMU's activities, products and services. They include: those individuals and organizations which exercise statutory environmental control over the FMU; local people; employees; investors and insurers; customers and consumers; environmental interest and consumer groups and the general public.

Sustainable Development - Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

TCF - Totally Chlorine Free. Paper pulp that is bleached without using chlorine in any form. The alternative bleaching agents used might be liquid oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium hydroxide.